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    读书 vs 自动的思想

     

     

     

    读宗白华先生的《读书与自动的研究》,深有启发。宗先生认为,“我们的思想、见解、学识,可以从两个源泉中得来:一,从过去学者的遗籍;二,从社会、人生与自然的直接观察。第一种思想的源泉叫做‘读书’,第二种思想的源泉叫做‘自动的研究’,或‘自动的思想’。”宗先生认为,读书有很大的价值,但读书的流弊值得关注:“流弊中最大的风险,就是我们读书读久了,安于读书,习于以他人的思想为思想,渐渐的把自己‘自动研究’‘自动思想’的能力消灭了。”

    宗先生接下来引述了很长一段叔本华的话:

    “读书是拿他人的头脑,代替自己的思想。读书读久了,当会使自己的思想,不能成一个有系统的自内的发展。我们的头脑中充满了许多外来的思想,这种外来的思想纷呈堆积,东一块,西一块,好像一堆乱石;不比那由我们自己心中亲切体验发展出来的思想,可以自成一个有生气的、有机体的系统。……

    “我们要晓得古人留下来的书籍,好比是他在一片沙岸上行走时留下的足迹。我们虽可以从他这足印中看出他所行走的道路与方向;但却不能知道他在道路所看见的是些什么景物,所发生的是些什么思想;我们果真要了解这书籍中的话,获得这些书籍的益,还是要自己按着这书籍所指示的道路,亲自去行走一番,直接的看这路上有些什么景物,能发生些什么感想。”

    叔本华还有一个譬喻:“书籍中的知识,譬如武士的盾甲,一个强有力的武士,运用沉重的盾甲,可以自卫,可以攻战;一个能力薄弱的武士担负了一身沉重的盾甲,反而不能行动了。所以天才能多读书而不为书籍学问所拖累;普通人多读了书,反而减少了学识,对于社会、人生、自然失去了亲切的了解,只牢记了些书本中的死知识,不能运用,不能理解。”

     

     

    ——方军 · 读书 vs 自动的思想 · ideas talk

     

     

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